g]kfndf ;/sf/, Gofofno / ;+;b\sf kbflwsf/Låf/f lghL :jfy{sf nflu kbsf] b'?kof]usf] cj:yf

df]xg aGhf8]

e"ldsf

lghL :jfy{sf nflu kbsf] b'?kof]u uDeL/ ck/fw xf] . of] ck/fw :jefjtM dg;fo k|]l/t ck/fw xf] . e|i6frf/ cGo sltko k/Dk/fut ck/fw h:tf] cfj]zdf cfP/,  e'mlSsP/ jf b'3{6gfj; x'g ;Q}mg . …kbsf] b'?kof]uÚ cfd, lg/If/ jf sfg'g ghfg]sf] dflg;n] ug]{ df}sf kfpFb}g . lemgf–dl;gf s;"/df cfd–dflg;nfO{ rª\u'n, bjfa jf k|efjdf kf/]/ 3"; l/;jt lbg afWo kfl/g ;S5 . k|foM kbLo b'?kof]u u/L ul/g] e|i6frf/ ;k]mbkf];Ln] ug]{ ck/fw xf] / pgLx?nfO{ kye|i6 / st{JoRo"t ug]{x? klg d"ntM ;k]mbkf];L g} x'G5g\ . slxn]sflxF e|i6frf/ ;+:yfut e};s]sf] x'g;S5 . st} o;sf] tf/ ;+ul7t ck/fwLx?;Fu hf]l8gfsf sf/0f o;n] ;+ul7t ck/fwsf] ?k lnPsf] klg x'g;S5 .

e|i6frf/ s'g} Ps b]z, ;dfh jf If]qsf] dfq ;d:of xf]Og . t/, e|i6frf/ jf ckf/blz{tfsf ;"rsfª\s tof/ ubf{ ;d:of ePsf Pj+ 5'§} ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/f ePsf d'n's lg;fgfdf kg]{ u/]sf t 5}gg\ < ljZjsf sltko ;+:yfx? To:tf b]zsf] 3[0ff ;flxTo (Hate Literature) / bdg ;flxTo (Autrocity Literature) tof/ ug{ pBt /xg] u/]sf dflgG5 . cyf{t\, leGg k|s[ltsf] ;Eotf / ;dfh Joj:yf ePsf, sltko ljsl;t d'n's;Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw gePsf jf pgLx?sf] k|efjnfO{ OGsf/ ul//x]sf d'n'sdf dfgjclwsf/ gePsf], e|i6frf/ a9]sf], lg/+s'z ePsf h:tf s'/f k'li6 u/fpg / cGt/f{li6«o d~r / ;~rf/dfWoddfk{mt\ ckdflgt u/fpg तथा  sf/afxL ug{ o:tf ;fdfu|L tof/ u/fpg] ul/G5 . To:tf d'n's lj?4 bjfa l;h{gf ug{ ltg} ;fdfu|L k|of]u ul/G5 . To:tf] sfo{ b"tfjf;dfk{mt\ eGbf ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf / ltgsf] cf>odf /xg ?rfpg] JolQm ;lDdlnt :yfgLo JolQm / ;+:yfdfk{mt\ ul/G5 .

o:t}, leGg d"No k|0ffnL ePsf d'n'ssf dflg;nfO{ k|efjdf kf/L cfk"m cg's"n agfpg klg ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfn] sfd ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . o:tf s'/f ;fdfGo cj:yfb]lv k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf cj:yfdf klg x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf e"sDk hfFbf cfPsf ljb]zL ;+:yfdWo] sltn] ;xof]u, bof / dfgjtfsf] b'?kof]u dfq ge} e|i6frf/ u/]sf];Dd ljifox? ;fj{hlgs ;~rf/dfWodn] p7fpg] u/]sf 5g\ . t/, ltgsf] rrf{ ug'{ dgfl;j dflgFb}g . To;af/] ;"rsfª\s cfpFb}gg\ .

ljb]zL ;xof]u jf C0fsf ;Demf}tf ubf{ klg e|i6frf/sf nflu jftjf/0f tof/ x'g] u/]sf] dflgG5 . cgfjZos e|d0f, ;dfhsf] Ps ju{nfO{ csf]{ ju{lj?4 prfnL jf c;Dej dfusf nflu prfnL kl/of]hgf nDafP/, kl/of]hgfsf gfddf dx+uf ;jf/L;fwg lsgL /fhgLlts JolQmnfO{ pknAw u/fP/, ljgf uDeL/ ;DefJotf cWoog (Feasibility Study) kl/of]hgf :jLsf/ u/L kl/of]hgfnfO{ c;kmn agfP/, देशबासीले g} ug{ ;Sg] sfdsf nflu ljb]zL k/fdz{bftf lgo'Qm u/]/, k/fdz{bftf / lgdf{0f Joj;foL -7]s]bf/_ sf] ldnf]dtf]df kl/of]hgfsf] nfut a9fP/ मुलुकको sf] lghL If]q jf ;fj{hlgs÷lghL If]qn] ug{ ;Sg] sfdsf nflu klg aflx/L C0f lnP/ वा lng nufP/ e|i6frf/ x'g] गर्द5g\ .

g]kfndf /fi6«;]jsx?n] ug]{ e|i6frf/af/] rrf{ x'G5 . ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfn] /fhgLlt, k|zf;g, Gofo / sfg'g lgdf{0fsf If]qnfO{ / :yfgLo ;+:yfnfO{ e|i6 agfpg s] u5{g\ < s] ub}{gg\ < To;af/] rrf{ x'Fb}g jf x'G5 eg] klg uDeL/tfk"j{s lnO{+b}g .

/fi6«;]jsn] cfo;Fu g;'xfpFg] u/L ;DklQ cfh{g u/]df sf/afxL x'g;Sg] sfg'g 5, s]xL sf/afxL ePsf klg 5g\ . t/ …u}/–;/sf/LÚ If]qsf JolQmsf] Toस्tf] cfo rrf{sf] ljifo aGb}g . ljb]zL ;+:yf jf b"tfjf;x? jf ltgsf lj:tfl/t c+uaf6 lnOPsf] /sd slt ;b'kof]u ePsf] 5, slt b'?kof]u ePsf] 5 < To;af/] af]Ng' ægj–wgf9\o ju{ÚnfO{ ckfRo x'g] u/]sf] 5 . s] To:tf ;+:yfdf sfo{/t JolQmsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f lnO{ hfFra'em u/L sf/afxL ug{ ;Sg] sfg'g agfpg g;lsg] g} xf] <

lghL If]q, u}/–;/sf/L If]q / ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfdf x'g] e|i6frf/sf] k|bz{g k|efj (Demonstration Effect) ;dfhdf kb}{g eGg ;lsFb}g . t;y{, lghL / u}/–;/sf/L If]qs]f e|i6frf/af/] sfg'g aGg' cfjZos 5 .

ljZjsf s}of}+ u/Lj jf t];|f] ljZj elgg] b]zsf snf, ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt cflb;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdfu|L k'/fgf pklgj]z agfpg] d'n'sx?sf ;/sf/L, ;fj{hlgs jf lghL ;+u|xfnodf k'u]sf, /x]sf / s]xL lkmtf{ ul/Psf s'/f ;fj{hlgs x'g] u5{g\| of] s'g÷s'g txsf] ldnf]dtf]sf] e|i6frf/af6 ;Dej eof] eGg ufx|f] xf]nf . tyflk, u/Lj / t];|f] d'n's e|i6frf/sf stf{dfq xf]Og, kLl8t klg x'g\ .

7"nf÷7"nf C0f bftfx?n] t];|f] / u/Lj d'n'snfO{ C0f yf]k/]/ C0f hfn (Debt Trap) df kfg{ To:tf b]zsf /fhgLlt1 / sd{rf/LtGq Pj+ u}/–;/sf/LtGq (Ngocracy) nfO{ k|efljt ul//x]sf t 5}gg\ <

u/Lj / t];|f] d'n'ssf ;fgf Jofkf/ / pBd lj:yfkन गरी {] cfkm\gf] lj:tf/ ug{ ax'/fli6«o sDkgLले To;tf d'n'ssf sfg'g / gLltdf kl/jt{g u/fpg s]÷s;/L कार्य u5{g\ <

cfkm\gf pTkfbg laqmL u/fpg 7"nf xltof/ sDkgL, xjfOhxfh sDkgL, x]lnsf]K6/ sDkgL  nufotsf sDkglx?n] s]÷s;/L Jofkf/÷Joj;fosf] ljस्tf/ u5{g\ < Jofkf/ a[l4sf] vr{ eg]sf] s] xf] < To:tf] vr{ ug]{ /sd ljb]zL / :yfgLo Ph]G6dfk{mt\ vr{ x'G5÷x'Fb}g < nslx8 sf08, jf]kmf];{ tf]प  3f]6fnf, cu:tf, x]lnsf]K6/ 3"; sf08 k"j{lt/ u/fOsf / klZrdlt/af6 ePsf घटना x'g\ .

u/Lj / t;|f] ljZjdf x'g] 7"nf e|i6frf/ (Carnivorous Corruption) sf] /sd ljsl;t jf sd e|i6frf/ x'g] elgPsf b]zsf a}+sdf hDdf x'G5 . a}+lsË uf]Kotfsf lgodnfO{ s7f]/ agfP/ To;k|sf/sf] /sd a}+sdf /fVg] 5'6 lbOof], To:tf] /sdnfO{ :jfut ul/of] . kl5Nnf] r/0fdf o:tf] wg, nfu"cf}ifwsf] wg, / cft+sL lqmofsnfksf] धन आपसी गठजोड ;Defjgfsf sf/0f सतहमा v'Nb}cfPsf 5g\ .

o"/f]ksf s]xL d'n'sn] o:tf] e|i6frf/sf] /sd /x]sf u'प्t vftfsf] ljj/0f lng a}+ssf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfly{s k|efjdf kfg'{kg]{;Ddsf] cj:yf cfPsf] lyof] .  To;/L k|fKt ul/Psf u'KtL vftfsf ;"rgfsf] xnrn xfd|f] l5d]sdf klg b]lvPsf] lyof] .

u/Lj d'n'sdf e|i6frf/ a9]sf], ToxfFsf] ;/sf/ एवम k|0ffnL v/fa ePsf], ;Eotf, d"No k|0ffnL c;Eo ePsf] cflbh:tf ljifo p7fg गरी गराई hgtfdf cfkm\gf] d'n's, cfkm\gf] k4lt, cfkm\gf k"j{h, cfkm\gf] ;fdflhs ;DaGw, cfkm\gf kfl/jfl/s dfGotfk|lt 3[0ff Pj+ s'07f k}mnfpg / unt ;fdflhs cjwf/0ff /x]sf] b]vfpg aflx/af6 bjfa, k|efj / nfnr lbOPsf sf/0f ;fgf / u/Lj b]znfO{ k|fof]lht?kdf abgfd u/fpg] ul/Psf] klg 5 . sltko u/Lj b]zsf] s"n u|fx:y cfoeGbf 7"nf cGt/f{li6«o sDkglsf] Jofkf/ k|j4{g vr{ (Business Promotion Expenditure) a9L पो  5 ls <

;+;f/df 7"nf÷7"nf e|i6frf/ u/]sf eg]sf JolQmsf] ;DklQ sxfF uP/ hDdf x'G5 < sxfF nufgL x'G5 < cyf{t\ e|i6frf/ ul/Psf] wgsf] :jfut klg ug]{ clg e|i6frf/ cGoq ePsf] egL वदनाम पनि ug]{ तथा  /fhgLlts sf/0fn] e|i6frf/Lsf] ;Qf klg l6sfpg] jf ;Qf cf/f]x0f klg u/fpg] / e|i6frf/ ePsf] sf]sf]xf]nf] klg dRrfpg] sfo{ मनासिव हुदैन .

tYofª\s P]g, @)!% sf] bkmf & s df s'g} ljb]zL JolQm jf ;+:yfn] Jofjf;flos p2]Zon] cfly{s s'/fsf] nut, va/ jf tYofª\s ;+sng ug{ rfx]df s]Gb|Lo tYofª\s ljefuaf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu ;Da4 ljb]zLn] tYofª\s ;+sng ug'{ kgf{sf] sf/0f, ;+sng ul/g] Onfsf, ;+sng ug{ ckgfOg] k|0fffnL jf sfo{qmd;DaGwL ljj/0f ;f] ljefudf k]z ug'{k5{ . tb\k/fGt ljefun] ;+sngsf] k|0ffnL / cGo cfjZos zt{ tf]lslbg ;S5 . o:t}, bkmf & v cg';f/ tYofª\s ;+snsn] tYofª\s ;+sng u/L k|of]udf Nofpg' jf k|sflzt गर्नु अघि  ljefuaf6 k|dfl0ft ug'{k5{ . ;fy}, tYofª\s ljefusf] :jLs[ति   k|fKt gu/L s'g} tYofª\s ljb]zL JolQm, ;+:yf jf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg' x'Fb}g . bkmf ( -@s_ cg';f/ bkmf & s / & v sf] pNn+3g u/]df kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf x'G5 . o;/L k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'gn] ljb]zL JolQm, ;+:yf jf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfn] s]Gb|Lo tYofª\s ljefusf] :jLs[tljgf tYofª\s ;+sng, k|sfzg / k|of]u ug{} kfpFb}g . To;f] ug'{ ck/fw xf] . s] g]kfndf tYofª\s ;+sng ug]{ JolQm, ;+:yf jf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfn] ;f] ljefusf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ < olb 5}gg\ eg] ltgn] cfk/flws tl/sfaf6 tYofª\s ;+sng u/]sf 5g\ . To:tf cfk/flws tl/sfaf6 ;+slnt tYofª\s k|of]udf Nofpg, k|का zg ug{ / त्यस्ता तथ्यांकबाट hgdt l;h{gf ug{÷u/fpg ldNb}g .

kf/blz{tfsf] ;Gbe{df pRr cª\s k|fKt ug]{ d'n'sx?sf] s/sf] b/ lgs} pRr /x]sf] elgG5 . pRr s/ lnP/ ;fdflhs If]qdf ul/Psf] vr{n] ;DejtM e|i6frf/df sdL NofPsf] x'g;S5 . s/sf b/ sd ePsf d'n'sdf ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] ;'ljwfsf] dfqf kSs} sd x'G5 / pgLx?sf] Go"gtd cfjZostf kfl/>ldsaf6 k"lt{ x'g ;Dej gePsf] x'g;S5 . cfosf] krf; k|ltzt hlt s/ ltg]{ d'n'sdf a9L kf/blz{tf / kRrL; k|ltzt hlt s/ ltg]{ d'ns'df sd kf/blz{tf b]lvg] u/]sf] kf] xf] ls < a9L kfl/>lds / ;'lwjf lbg] d'n'sdf eGbf sd / hLjg lgjf{x ug]{;Ddsf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf glbg] d'n'sdf a9L e|i6frf/ ePsf] b]lvPsf] xf] ls < s] g]kfnsf] d'Vo ;lrjsf] tnj ;'ljwfn] cfhsf] dx+uLdf छ hgfsf] kl/jf/ kfNg k'U5 < of] klg Pp6f ljrf/0fLo kIf x'g;S5 .

g]kfndf sltko cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfnufotn] ljb]zL k/fdz{tbftf cfdGq0f u5{g\ . pgLx?n] sltko  :yfgLo k/fdz{bftfaf6 पनि ;]jf k|fKt u5{g\ . s] ljb]zL k/fdz{bftf / :yfgLo k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lbg] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf ;dfg 5g\ < st} u/Lj / t];|f] ljZjsf :yfgLo lj1 / ljz]if1sf] zf]if0f ul/Psf] t 5}g < vf; cg'xf/ / If]qsf JolQmnfO{ t'ngfTds?kdf a9L ;'ljwf pknAw u/fOPsf] t 5}g < t'ngfTds?kdf 7"nf] /sd lng] ljb]zL k/fdz{bftfn] ;fgf / u/Lj b]znfO{ …e|i6Ú eGb} cfkm\gf] /f]huf/L ;'/lIft u/fO/x]sf t 5}gg\ <

g]kfndf /x]sf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfdf sfo{/t ljb]zL sd{rf/L / :yfgLo sd{rf/Lsf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf] dfgdf (Scale) df ;dfgtf 5 त < ;dfgtf 5}g eg] lsg < o:t}, To:tf ;+:yfdf sfd ug]{ :yfgLo sd{rf/L / ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] kb jf sfd ug]{ विदेशी sd{rf/Lsf] ;'ljwf dfgdf s:tf] tfbfDotf jf leGgtf 5 <

u/Lj tyf t];|f] ljZjsf d'n'sdf kfl/>lds jf ;'ljwf sd ePsfn] e|i6frf/ ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] xf]Og . t/, Go"gtd ;'ljwf g} k|bfg gul/Psf] cj:yfdf e|i6frf/tk{m tflgg ;Sg] alnof] ;Defjgf हुन सक्छ eGg vf]lhPsf] xf] .

o;}n] e|i6frf/nfO{ lg/k]If?kdf of] d'n's / Tof] d'n'sdfq egL dfgsLs[t ug'{dfq kof{Kt x'Fb}g . ;du| kl/k|]If x]g{ h?/L x'G5 .

o:t}, s'g} d'n'sdf e|i6frf/sf] k|s[lt\ 8/nfUbf], k|j[lQ vt/gfs / dfqf a9\bf] x'g;S5 . o;sf sf/0f s]–s] x'g\ < ltgsf] ;du|tfdf cWoog x'g h?/L 5 . e|i6frf/sf If]q / txsf] klxrfg x'g'k5{ . /fh:j ;~rflnt kl/of]hgfdf a9L e|i6frf/ 5 ls bftfrflnt kl/of]hgfdf e|i6frf/ a9L x'G5 xf]nf < sd{rf/Ln] /fhgLlt1nfO{ e|i6frf/ ug{ k|]l/t u5{g\ ls /fhgLlt1n] sd{rf/LnfO{ bjfa lbP/ sfd u/fO{ e|i6frf/ u5{g\ xf]nf < ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf e|i6frf/sf sf/s s'g tx / xbdf xf]nfg\ <  u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfdf a9L e|i6frf/ x'G5 xf]nf ls ;/sf/L sfof{nodf < o:tf cg]s k|Zgsf] ;Gbe{df e|i6frf/sf] t'ngfTds cWoog ug]{ ls < sltko cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfdf ToxfFleq e|i6frf/ /f]Sg] sfg'g / ;+oGq 5g\ t < k|fljlws ;xof]usf gfddf u/Lj d'n'sdf hfg] /sd slt tL d'n'sdf /xG5 / slt bftf lt/} kms{G5 < c?nfO{ e|i6 egL cf}+nf 78\ofpg]x? :jo+ slt rf]vf 5g\ < x}6Ldf /]8qm;sf] cg'xf/, nslx8 sf08, cu:tf j]i6Nof08 sf08dfq xf]Og, e"sDkkl5 g]kfndf ljb]zL ;+:yfn] s]–s] u/] < ;du|tfdf x]g]{ ;+oGq slxn] aGg] afgL slxn] a;fpg] <

sfo{kflnsf

sfo{kflnsfleq /fhgLlts tx / sd{rf/LtGq /x]sf] dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . sd{rf/LtGqleq gLlt–lgdf{0f tx / gLlt sfof{Gjog tx jf ;]jf k|jfx tx x'G5g\ .

g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts txdf ;+/rgfTds ;d:ofeGbf klg a9L k|j[lQhGo ;d:of /x]sf 5g\ . ;fy}, sltko ;d:ofx¿ sfg'gL / gLltut 5g\ eg] sltko k|lqmofut ;d:ofx¿ 5g\ . tL d'VotM lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M

-!_ /fhgLlts lgjf{rg qmdzM a9L vlr{nf] / e8\lsnf] x'Fb} uO/x]sf] 5 . OdfGbf/, ljrf/jfg, of]Uo JolQm lgjf{rgsf av]8f / vr{ e]mNg / yfDg g;Sg] x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/L lgo'lQm / dgf]gog If]qLotf, hftLotf, gftfuf]tf / bnut x'Fb} gubtk{m nlIft / pGd'v k|tLt x'Fb}छ  . d'n'sleqsf dflkmof, ck/fwL, sfnfahfl/of / 8gx¿sf] cfGtl/s जगजगी छ भनिन्छ| साथै  g]kfndf bjfa / k|efj a9fO/x]sf ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf / ltgsf g]kfnL ;+:s/0fsf] cfly{s jf k|nf]eghGo k|efj lgo'lQmdf xfjL x'Fb} hfg yfn]sf] 5 . o:tf] :jb]zL / ljb]zL sfnf] / u'KtL wgn] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf] cg'xf/df g} k|Zg p7fpFb}5 .

-@_ ljwflosfमा  lglxt :jfy{ /fvL nljª गर्न  / bnsf] g]t[Tj k+lQmnfO{ bjfa दिन वा k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] ;ef;bn]  sfo{kflnsfn] agfpg] gLltdfq xf]Og, cfk}mFn] agfpg] sfg'gnfO{ klg k|efljt ub}{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

-#_ /fhgLlts sfo{kflnsfn] gLlt agfpFbf /fli6«o lxt, k|lt:kwf{Tds Joj:yf / ;du| GofoeGbf klg lglxt, bnLo / ljb]zL bftfn] ;'emfPsf :jfy{sf nflu sfd ug]{ ;d:ofx¿ पनि 5g\ . /fhgLlts ;/sf/nfO{ आन्तरिक र वाह्य :jfy{ ;d"xsf] 3]/faf6 aflx/ lgsfNg lbg k|ltlbng ufx|f] x'Fb} uPsf] k|tLt x'Fb}5 .

-$_ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / dGqfnox¿n] of]hना  cfof]hgf, kl/of]hgf jf sfo{qmd agfpg] tl/sf ;du| cfjZostf, ;du| /fli6«o lxt, ;du| /fli6«o GofoeGbf klg /fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs / bftfsf] :jfy{ / :jfy{ åGådf ?dlnPsf] 5 . ljutsf] slgsf 5g]{ k|j[lQ ca …;ft' p8fP/  जनतालाई cfF˜˜ u/L  बस्न लगाउने cj:yflt/ pGd'v 5 . ;DefJotf cWoog, of]hgf rog, sfof{Gjog, / ;'k/Lj]If0fh:tf k|To]s txdf ah]6 jf ;|f]tsf] cl:dtf n'6\g pBtx¿ ;lqmo /xG5g\ .

-%_ /fhgLlts txn] ;|f]tsf] rnv]n / b'?kof]u x'g] 7fpFdf (Corruption Prone Zone) e|i6frf/ jf a]?h' / clgoldttfsf l;4x:tx¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' csf]{ ;d:of xf] .

-^_ ljsf;, /fh:j jf ;fdfGo k|zf;gdf sfo{/t OdfGbf/ hgzlQm /fhgLlts txaf6 pk]lIft x'gfn] Pp6f df}g k+lQmsf] ?kdf k5fl8 dfq /xG5 . cu|k+lQmdf If]q / bnLo cfj4tf -lgs6tf_ b]vfpg] / kl5 cfpFbf vr{ h'6fOlbg cfZjf;g lbg;Sg] sd{rf/L b]vfk5{g\ .

-&_ /fhgLlts ;/sf/nfO{ k|zf;lgs pRr tx;Fu vf;} ljZjf; /x]sf] b]lvFb}g . cfk"mn] eg]sf] dfGg] JolQmdfk{mt\ cfk"mn] rfx]sf] u/fpg] k|j[lQn] e|i6frf/nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbO/x]sf] 5 .

-*_ /fhgLlts ;/sf/n] cfk"mnfO{ hgk|ltlglwsf] ?kdf k|:t't ug{ g;s]sf] tyf qmdzM gful/sdf ljt[i0ff a9\b} uPsfn] ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf / ltgsf g]kfnL ;+:s/0fn] ;/sf/k|lt emg\ ljt[i0ff a9fpFb} ;dfgfGt/ ;/sf/ h:tf] k|j[lQ b]vfpFb}5g\ . ltgnfO{ /fhgLlts ;/sf/df /x]sf JolQmn] ;+/If0f ul/lbFbf :yfgLo k|zf;g lg/Lx aGb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd /fli6«o ;/sf/, ;+:yf / JolQmTj qmdzM sdhf]/ x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ .

-(_ /fhgLlts ;/sf/df /x]sf JolQm sd{rf/LtGqsf] pRr jf gLltut txsf] ;'emfjeGbf sd{rf/L ;+u7gsf bjfa / k|efj;Fu nxl;Psf kfOG5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lrjdf sfg'gL zlQm xf]nf t/ Jojxf/df sd{rf/L ;+u7gx¿sf kbflwsf/Lsf] wfs, /jfkm / av]8fn] /fhgLlts ;/sf/nfO{ 3'dfO/x]sf] kfOG5 .

-!)_ sd{rf/LtGqdf Ifdtfjfg / OdfGbf/ JolQm lsgf/fsf ;|f]tf alg/x]sf 5g\ eg] d ul/ दिई xfN5' lg, d ldnfOxfN5' lg jf d t xh"/s} x'F lg eGg]x¿ xfjL / k|efjL x'Fb}5g\ .

-!!_ pRr txsf u}/–Ifdtfjfg / u}/–OdfGbf/ JolQm /fHosf e|i6frf/hGo If]qdf t}gfy /xg] / /fHosf cfGtl/s ;|f]t / bftfaf6 k|fKt cj;/sf s'zn उपभोगकर्ता  x'Fb} u/]sf] kfOG5 . af}l4s / ljifout Ifdtf a[l4eGbf lgs6tf / rf6'sfl/tfn] a9L k|ltkmn lbg] x'Fbf Ifdtf a[l4sf] cfofd ablnFbf] 5 .

-!@_ k|zf;gdf sfg'gL ;'wf/ (Normative Reform) sf k|of; gePsf eGg] klg xf]Og . t/, ;fdfGo lgodeGbf ckjfb हावी गराइने / sfg'gL l5b| 6fNg]eGbf Ejfª kfg]{ k|j[lQn] …;]jfÚ nfO{ …zf;gÚ df ?kfGtl/t ub}{5 .

-!#_ sfd u/] ;a} v/fa dflg;n] nv6\g] / cGTodf sf/afxLs} lzsf/ aGg ;Sg] vt/fsf sf/0f sfd gug'{, lg0f{o gug'{ g} ;aeGbf ;'/lIft tl/sf aGb} t 5}g <

ljwflosf

ljwfosx¿ sfg'g lgdf{0f, gLlt lgdf{0f,  तथा  संसदबाट  kfl/t x'g] k|:tfj / ;+;b\sf ljleGg ;ldltsf अन्य  lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'G5g\ . ;f+;bsf यी  lqmofsnfk ;Da4 sfo{df पनि u}/–sfg'gL, csfg'gL / :jfy{k"lt{ ug]{ ;Defjgf /xG5 . विधायिका सम्वद्द समस्या निम्न प्रकृतिका देखिन्छन्:

-!_ lgjf{rg k|0ffnL dx+uf] x'gfsf sf/0f tyf cGo lghL :jfy{j; nfnrdf km:g] bjfa /xg' .

-@_ ljleGg njL ;d"x, bjfa ;d"x, :jfy{ ;d"xnufot cGo ck/fwL ;d"xn] cfkm\gf cg's"nsf sfg'g, gLlt cflb agfpg jf To;af/] ;/sf/ jf ;/sf/L clwsf/LnfO{ bjfa lbg ljwfosnfO{ k|nf]egdf kfg'{ .

-#_ ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf / ltgsf b]zL संस्करणले ] ljb]zL d"Nok4lt स्थानीय sfg'g, gLlt cflbdf 3';fpg ljwfosx¿nfO{ k|nf]egdf kfg'{ / ljwfosx¿ ljwflosfsf] cf}krfl/s sfd 5f]8L ljb]z e|d0f / bftf cfof]lht uf]i7L, ;]ldgf/, sfo{zfnf cflbdf d:t /xg' . -l/klAnsf l8;]Da/ @*, @)!^_

-$_ ljwfosx¿n] ljleGg ss; agfO{ bftfx¿sf] Ph]G8fdf sfd ug{ nf]e÷nfnr b]vfpg' / To;df km:g' .

-%_ ck/fwL, sfnfahf/L ug]{, 8g, dflkmof cflb ;dfhdf unt sfo{ ug]{ JolQmn] cfkm\gf] zlQmsf] lj:tf/ / a[l4sf nflu /fhgLlts ;+/If0f vf]Hg] / /fhgLlt1nfO{ lgjf{rgnufotsf k|of]hgsf nflu To:tf gsf/fTds JolQmsf] tg, dg, wg cfjZos kg]{ x'Fbf tL b'O{ k|j[lQaLr u7hf]8 x'g] / To;n] e|i6frf/sf] /fhgLlts/0f ug]{ / /fhgLltnfO{ e|i6 agfpg] .

-^_ g]kfndf s'g} ;ef;b\n] ljb]zL bftfsf] /sd ;'ljwf lng /fHon] lbPsf] ;'ljwf lkmtf{ u/]sf] ;dfrf/ ;fj{hgls ePsf] lyof] .

-&_ g]kfndf g]kfnsf] सभ्यता , ;+:s[lt, परम्परा , ;fdflhs ;b\efj, kfl/jfl/s d"No k|0ffnLnufosf lj?4df sfd u/fpg sltko ljb]zL ;+:yfn] u'KtL / sfo{qmddfk{mt\ b]lvg] u/L /sdnufot cGo ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg], o;n] ;lhn} x'g] cfok|lt nfnr a9fpg] / kl5 e|i6frf/sf] tntn  nfUg] .

-*_ g]kfndf ;+;b\ rln/x]sf] a]nfd} ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfjf ltgsf :yfgLo ;+:s/0fsf sfo{qmddf ljwfosx¿ y'lk|gfn] ;+;b\sf] u0fk"/s ;+Vof gk'u]sf] eGg] ;dfrf/ k|jfx x'g] u/]sf 5g\ .

-(_ bftfx¿n] cfkm\gf] bjfa / k|efj a9fpg sd{rf/LtGqeGbf /fhgLlts txsf] sfo{kflnsf / ljwflosfsf ;b:onfO{ hfndf kfg]{, k|nf]eg lbg] jf ;Dks{ a9fpg] k|j[lQ a9\bf] 5 . g]kfndf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsfndf s;n] s;nfO{ s] s;/L bjfa k|efjdf kf¥of] < s;nfO{ s;n] s] ug{ nufgL u¥of] < s;n] s;nfO{ stf 3'dlkm/ u/fof] < s;nfO{ s;n] s] af]Ng nufof] < To;sf] x/lx;fa / lqmofsnfk ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5}g .

-!)_ ;ef;b\x¿n] ;/sf/L ;+oGqnfO{ cfkm\gf] bjfa / k|efjdf /fVg ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfo jf ltgsf sfo{nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;ldltleq k/]sf] eGb} af]nfpg], lxdlrd a9fpg] / bjfa Pj+ k|efj lbg] k|rngh:tf] eO;s]sf] 5 . ;ldltsf sfo{;Ldf :ki6 gx'Fbf;Dd of] ;d:of /lx/xg]5 . s'g} lbg Ps} ljifodf leGgleGg ;ldltaf6 cGt/lj/f]wL lgb]{zg glbOPnf eGg ;lsGg <

-!!_ ;+;b\leqsf …ss;Ú /fli6«o lxtsf nflu k|of]u eO/x]sf 5g\ jf ToxfFsf k|efjsf/L ;b:o cfk"m jf cfkmGtsf u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfsf nflu /sd h'6fpg k|of]u eO/x]sf 5g\ <

-!@_ ;+;b\sf ;ldlt / ;lrjfnodf /fHosf gLlt / sfg'g ;DaGwdf cWoog, cg';Gwfg, ljZn]if0f ug]{ aGbf]j:tL gx'g' :jo+df b'Mvb\ 5 . ;lrjfnon] ljz]if1tfljxLg cj:yfdf gLlt / sfg'g ;DaGwdf s] ;xof]u ug{ ;Snf <

-!#_ ljwfosx¿ gLlt, sfg'g lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfkl§ eGbf sd{rf/L ;?jf / slgs] of]hgf / sfo{qmdsf nflu कुदी /xg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . cfk"mn] eg]g eg] of]hgf sfo{qmd gkg]{ kL8f Psflt/ 5 eg] ;lqmo ;ef;b\n] a9L of]hgf sfo{qmd kfg{ ;Sg] cj:yf klg 5 . of]hgf cflb 5gf}6 ug]{ sfo{df k4lt a:g g;Sgfn] ;ef;b\ :jo+ ;s;df 5g\ .

-!$_ ;+;b\sf] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ ;ldlt cg';Gwfg/lxt / ;"rgfljxLg h:tf] 5 . lgo'Qm x'g] JolQmsf] ljutsf lqmofsnfkeGbf s;sf] sf]6fdf sf] l;kmfl/; ePsf] xf] eGg] / afF8r'F8 eP ;ayf]s 7Ls dfgL l;kmfl/; ug]{ k|j[lQ a9\bf] 5 . of] ;ldlt k"j{ sd{rf/L / k"j{ PghLcf]sdL{h:tf ljut yfxf x'g;Sg] Jolqmaf/] 5fgljt ug{ klg vf;} uDeL/ b]lvPsf] kfO{+b}g . of] ;ldltn] unt JolQm rognfO{ NofKr] nufpFbf ;+j}wflgs c+u / lgsfosf] g]t[Tjdf v/fa JolQm cfpg] vt/f /xG5 . bftfsf cg'jfbs, b"tfjf;df xflh/L hgfpg], lghfdtL ;]jfdf /xFbf /fd|} aGbf]j:t ug]{, bnsf ;lqmo sfo{stf{ jf rGbfbftf lgo'Qm u/]/ lg:kIf / c;n zf;gsf] ;kgf b]Vg'kg]{ cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . of]Uotf k|0ffnL lj:yflkt x'Fb} hfg' /fHo k|0ffnLsf] k|d'v ;d:of xf] . of] af}l4s knfogsf] pTk|]/s र of]Uox¿df ljt[i0ff k}bf ug]{ कारण klg  xf] .

Gofokflnsf

;jf]{Rr cbfntsf tTsfnLg GofofwLz >L cf]deQm >]i7n] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf dfggLo GofofwLz / k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf dfggLo d'Vo GofofwLzx¿sf] rf}थो ;Dd]ng @)%# df k|:t't u/]sf न्याय If]q ;Da4 ;d:of cfh klg Ho"Fsf÷To"Fdfq xf]Og, emg\ eoª\s/ k|tLt x'Fb} u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] sfo{kqn] p7fPsf ;d:of d"ntM oL x'g\ M

-!_ kg'/fj]bg अदालत x¿sf] ;+Vof /fhgLlts bfpk]r / elt{s]Gb|sf ?kdf vf]lnPsf]n] s'g} lbg k|To]s lhNnfdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt u7g ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] .(हाल उच्च अदालत)

-@_ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k/LIff pQL0f{ ug{ g;s]sf, Joj;fodf :yflkt gePsf, Go"gtd of]Uotf dfq k'uL bndf cfj4 ePsf s]xL sfg'g Joj;foL, t/ clwst/ k|df0fkqwf/Lx¿sf] ax'wf lgo'lQmsf] भार Gofokflnsfn] af]की /xg'k/]sf] 5 . “===Gofofwlzsf] kb s'x]sf] uf]ne]+8f h:tf] ePsf] 5 .Æ

-#_ Gofo ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] dgf]jn lu/fpg] lgo'lQm Gofokflnsfk|ltsf] cGofo xf] .

-$_ of]Uo / OdfGbf/sf] d"Nofª\sg ul/Pg / To;sf] lglDt d"Nofª\gsf cfwf/ klg agfOPgg\ . u'0fLsf] sb/ / bf]ifLnfO{ ;hfosf] kl/kf6L gx'Fbf ;b\rl/qsf] hu]gf{ g} ePg .

-%_ lgo'lQm / 5gf}6df sf]6fjGbL, u'6jGbL / efuj08fn] k|>o kfof] .

-^_ GofofwLzx¿sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] lg/Gt/ n]vfhf]vf u/L u'0fbf]ifsf] clen]v /flvPg .

-&_ lgo'lQmsf nflu k|:6 cfwf/ / dfGotf v8f ul/Pg, cfwf/e"t l;4fGt;Dd cjnDjg gu/L म/df]nflxhf / dgf]ut cfwf/df sfd ul/of] .

-*_ Gofo kl/ifb\ …hflu/ v'jfpg] efF8f]Ú dfq agfOof] / o;sf] ;f+u7lgs 9fFrfdf cfjZos ;'wf/ ePg . Gofokl/ifb\ lqmofzLn 5 eGg] b]vfpg ;lsPg .

-(_ Gofokl/ifb\sf u}/–  पदेन] ;b:o /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o x'g' x'Fb}g .

-!)_ GofofwLz  lgo'lQm नियुक्ति ge} a9'jf k4lt h:tf] eof] .

-!!_ GofofwLzdf lgo'Qm x'g दु'O{j6f sf/0f k|d'v b]lvP— Pp6f k]zf grnL bfd gePsf bfd sdfpg hfg] / k]शा rnL bfd sdfPsf gfd sdfpg hfg] .

-!!_ Gofokflnsfleq 8/ / k|nf]eg /x]df afx\o :jtGqtfn] sfd ub}{g .

-!@_ GofofwLzमा lgo'lQm x'g]x¿sf] JolQmut u'0fsf] ldlxg klxrfg ug'{ / d"Nofª\sg ug'{ :jtGq Gofokflsnfsf] klxnf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5 .

-!#_ GofofwLzsf] kbnfO{ ;:tf] / lgMz'Ns -d"NoxLg <_ agfOof] . /Lt;Dd k'¥ofO{ lgo'lQm / clVtof/L lbFb}df hf]–sf]ही  GofofwLz x'g ;Sg] xf]Og . o:tf] k|j[lQ cg'Q/bfoL / vt/gfs x'G5 . o;af6 Gofosf] ljsf; x'Fb}g, a? ljgf;sf/L x'g ;Sb5 .

-!$_ GofofwLzsf] kb a9L ;'/lIft x'g] x'Fbf cjflG5t JolQmn] lgo'lQm kfP, …hgtf hgfb{gÚ n] ljgf s;"/ nfdf] ;do ;f:tL v]Kg'k5{ . v/fa / sdhf]/ JolQmsf] ;fy lnP/ Gofokflnsf slxNo} pef] लाग्न ;Q}mg .

-!%_ Goflos lgo'lQm ubf{ xtf/ u/L k'm;{bdf 6fPsf]df xft /fv]/ k5'tfpg' zf]egLo x'Fb}g .

-!^_ ;Qf?9 bnsf] k|efjdf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm ePsf] hgwf/0ff 5 .

-!&_ Gofo kl/ifb\n] kf/blz{tf, ;fj{hlgstf, ;}4flGtstf / pQ/bfloTjsf] ;+ud:ynsf] ;§f /x:ofTdstf, uf]kgLotf, j}olQmstf / cg'Q/bfoL 9Ën] sfd ug{ ;Sg] ;+;on] kL8faf]w ug]{ w]/} 5g\ .

-!*_ s;}k|lt hjfkmb]xL gePsf] Gofokl/ifb\, st} w'Gw'sf/L gxf];\ .

-!(_ GofofwLzsf] kb ;fj{hlgs भएकोले v'nf ub]{ lgo'lQmsf] ;Defljt ;"rLdf cfklQ hgfpg] cj;/ lbOPg .

-@)_ Gofokl/ifb\n] s;}nfO{ …kG5fPsf]Ú / s;nfO{ …l6lkPsf]Ú kfOof] / of] k|j[lQ g} aGof] .

-@!_ of]Uo JolQmx¿nfO{ jflG5t dfqfdf GofofwLz agfpg ;lsPg .

-@@_ ;]S;lko/n] t g t u'0f ;w}+ k'/:s[t / bf]if ;w}+ bl08t x'G5 kf] eg]sf lyP . oxfF t …g गुण k'/:s[t x'g]5 g bf]if bl08t x'g]5 eGg' gk/f];\ .

-@#_ Gofokflnsfdf cg'Q/bfoL / :j]R5frf/L k|j[lQ a9]sf] 5 .

-@$_ nf]s;]jf pQL0f{ ug]{ clws[t a9Ldf pk;lrj / lhNnf GofofwLz;Dd x'g kfpg] ;f]xL k/LIffdf c;kmn JolQm l;w}+ k'g/fj]bg -xfn pRr_ cbfntdf GofofwLz x'g] ælj8Djgfk"0f{ 7§fÆ Gofokflnsfsf] nflu lxts/ 5}g .

-@%_ ;DklQ ljj/0f lng / n'sfPsf] ;DklQ vf]ज्g ;Sg] / e"m7f] ljj/0f lbg]nfO{ ;hfo ug]{ sfg'gL Joj:yfsf] cefjn] e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f k|efjsf/L ePg .

-@^_ jf/ / a]~rnfO{ sf]6f 5'6\ofpg' af}l4s lbjflnofkgsf] gd"gf xf] .

-@&_ rfl/lqs pTyfg ;+ljwfg / P]gsf sf]/f cIf/af6 x'g] xf]Og, To;sf] Jofjxfl/s k|ltj4tf vf]O{ t <

k"j{ GofofwLz -kl5 k|wfg GofofwLz_ >L cf]deQm >]i7n] dx;"; u/L GofofwLz ;Dd]ngdf k|:t't u/]sf ;d:of clxn] ;dfwfg x'Fb} cfP ls cem ljs/fn, eoª\s/ / /fIf;L :j?k u|x0f ub]{ cfP To;sf ;fIfL xfdL ;a} 5f}+ . s]xL gofF ;d:of ylklPsf klg 5g\ M

GofofwLz lgo'lQmdf kl5Nnf] sfnv08df n]Vg, eGg / ;'Gg klg ljt[i0ff x'g] sfd÷sf/afxL ePsf त छैनg\ ?

-s_ sltko GofofwLz lgo'lQm ul/lbPsf]df cfef/ JoQm ug{ bnsf s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf ;ky kl5 ;+o'Qm?kdf xflh/ ePsf] s'/f k|sfzdf cfPsf] xf] .

-v_ lgo'lQmkl5 खास b'tfjf;n] ;f]xL k|of]hgsf nflu ef]het]/ u/]sf] / Go"g ;+Vofdf lgo'lQm kfpg]sf] pkl:ylt b]lvPsf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 .

-u_  kbaf6 d'Qm÷cjsfzkl5 d'2f af]sL lxF8\g]x¿af6 jf/ / a]~r b'j}sf] x'd{t lng] sfd eO/x]sf] s'/f 5\ofk5\ofKtL ;'lgG5 .

-3_ kbdf x'Fbf k/fO{ ;+:yfsf] Ph]G8fdf sfd ul/lbg] / cjsfzkl5 ToxL sfd–wGwf ug]{ lghfdtLtk{msf s]xL JolQmsf] k|j[lQ Gofo If]qlt/ klg b]lvg' s:tf] xf] <

;'emfjx¿

-!_ cGt/f{li6«o elgg] ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g, @)^$ sf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] .

-@_ cGt/f{li6«o elgg] विb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ yk kf/bzL{, hjfkmb]xL agfpFb} To:tf ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf, :jLs[lt, ;~rfng, lgodg / Joj:yfkgsf nflu Psåf/ k|0ffnL ckgfO{ ltgnfO{ /fli6«o cfjZostf / k|fyldstfsf If]qdf dfq ;+nग्g u/fpg] eGg] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/0f %! -`_ -!$_ sf] Joj:yf tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

-#_ ;+ljwfgsf] wfरा %! -3_ -!!_ adf]ldh j}b]lzs ;xfotf lnFbf /fli6«o cfjZostf / k|fyldstfnfO{ cfwf/ agfpFb} o;nfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg] / j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 k|fKt /sd /fli6«o ah]6df ;dflxt ug]{ sfo{nfO{ tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

-$_ s'6gLlt1x¿n] cu|Ld sfo{;"rL ;lxt k|f]6f]sncg';f/ k//fi6« dGqfnosf] clws[t;d]t /fvL e]63f6 ug]{ / To;nfO{ clen]vdf /fVg] Joj:yf ug]{ .

-%_ ljb]zL JolQm र ;+:yf तथा cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfn] tYofª\s ;+sng ubf{ tYofª\s P]g, @)!% sf] bkmf & s / & v sf] clgjfo{ kfngf ug]{÷u/fpg] / ;f]adf]lhdafx]s ;+sng ul/Psf tYofª\s g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|of]udf gNofpg] .

-^_ g]kfnn] ljb]zL÷aflx/L C0f lnFbf k|lt:kwf{sf cfwf/df -g]kfnsf] lxtsf zt{ र Jofhb/_ lng] Joj:yf ug]{ .

-&_ g]kfnn] aflx/L C0f lng gkfpg] If]q / cj:yf;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yf ug]{ .

-*_ g]kfn lj?4 3[0ff ;fdfu|L tof/ u/fpg] ljb]zL ;+:yf;Fu ;ts{tf ckgfpg] / To:tf sfo{df ;+nUgnfO{ Persona Non grata 3f]lift ug]{ .

-(_ ljb]zL b"tfjf; / ;+:yfnfO{ l;w}+ kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ glbg] .

-!)_ lghL If]qdf x'g] e|i6frf/;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yf ug]{ / To;df ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf / :yfgLo ;+:yf Pj+ To;df sfo{/t JolQmx¿ klg sf/afxLof]Uo x'g] Joj:yf ug]{ .

-!!_ d'Vo ;lrj /fhgLlts ;/sf/n] 5fन्g], dGqfnosf ;lrjb]lv tnsf kbflwsf/Lsf] ;?jfdf /fhgLlts ;/sf/n] d'Vo ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf ul7t ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjog ug]{ . cyf{t\ k|zf;g ;~rfngsf ;–;fgf s'/fdf /fhgLlts ;/sf/ gcNdlng] .

-!@_ sd{rf/L ;+u7gnfO{ sf/vfgfsf dhb"/ jf >ldssf] h:tf] ge} g]kfn ;/sf/sf sd{rf/L / hgtfn] lt/]sf] s/af6 ;'ljwf kfpg]n] ug{ ldNg] ;Ddsf] ;+u7gsf] clwsf/ lbg] / lg0f{o tx÷clws[t:t/df ;+u7g lj:tf/ gug]{ jf Go"gfsf/ ug]{ .

-!#_ k|zf;gdf /fd|f] sfd ug]{ / OdfGbf/nfO{ cFWof/f] s'gfaf6 b|i6fdf Nofpg] / /fd|f / c;n pbfx/0fsf] k|rf/÷k|;f/ ug]{ . ;w}+ v/fa pbf/x0fsf] k|rf/÷k|;f/ u/L v/faL g} ;fdfGo lgod ag]sf] s'07fsf] cl3 k|rf/ gug]{ .

-!$_ OdfGbf/L, bIftf / sfdsf] k|ltkmnnfO{ ;kmntfsf] dfu{ aGg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ / k|j[lQ ;'wf/nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] .

-!%_ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf lqmofsnfkaf/] :yfgLo ;~rf/ dfWodn] rf;f] /fVg] / ltgsf] ;"rgf lbg] k|j[lQsf] ljsf; ug]{ .

-!^_ sfof{noleq}af6 e|i6frf/ / v/faLsf] cfwf/;lxt ;"rgf lbg]nfO{ k'/:s[t ug]{ .

-!&_ a]?h'nfO{ sfof{no;Fu dfq cfj4 gu/L s;sf] sf/0fn] a]?h' lg:s]sf] xf] ;f] JolQm÷clwsf/LnfO{ nlIft u/L k|ltj]bg k|sflzt ug]{ / a]?h';DaGwL Tracking ug]{ k4lt ljsf; ug]{ .

-!*_ ljZjljBfnosf ljleGg Faculties nfO{ cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] ;|f]t s]Gb| agfpg] / …a'l4Ú / …1fgÚ sf] k/lge{/tf sd ug]{ .

-!(_ ;]gf lgj[Q GofofwLz, ;+j}wflgs cËsf k|d'v / pRr k|zf;lgs clwsf/Ln] ;]jf lgj[lQ kl5 %–& jif{सम्म  b"tfjf; / ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf  र ltgsf g]kfnL ;+:s/0fdf sfd ug{ / ToxfFaf6 ;'ljwf lng gkfpg] k|jGw ug]{ .

-@)_ h'g GofofwLz h'g txaf6 cjsfz ePsf] xf], ;f] txdf jx; k}/jL ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

-@!_ cjsfz k|fKt Ifdtfjfg clwsf/LnfO{ cg';Gwfg (Research) cflb sfddf pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] .

-@@_ ljwflosfsf ;ldltx¿sf] sfo{ If]q :ki6 ug'{kg]{, atf;] lgb]{zgnfO{ k|df0fd'vL agfpg'kg]{ .

-@#_ d'n'ssf] sfg'g, gLlt / kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f :jb]zL hgzlQmaf6 ug]{ . ljb]zL / ltgsf nflu sfd ug]{x¿nfO{ o:tf sfdaf6 cln k/ /fVg] .

-@$_ g]kfnLsf] Ifdtf gePsf jf kof{Kt gePsf ljifo / If]qdf dfq ljb]zL k/fdz{bftf :jLsfg]{ .

-@%_ bnx¿n] lng] rGbf jf ;xof]unfO{ kf/bzL{ agfO{ To;df gfddfqsf] eP klg s/ nufpg] .

-@^_ ljb]zLn] u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yf / u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfn] 3'dfp/f] tl/sfaf6 bnsf g]tf र ;lqmo sfo{stf{nfO{ ;'ljwf lbg] sfo{ aGb u/fpg] .

-@&_ cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfn] :yfgLo tj/df ljleGg b"tfjf;af6 /sd lnO{ s]xL /sd cfk}mFn] /fVg] / afFsL /sd b"tfjf;sf Ph]G8f nfu" ug]{ sfo{ /f]Sg] .

-@*_ e|i6frf/lj?4 jf kf/blz{tfsf] ;"rsfª\s tof/ ubf{ vf; If]qsf vf; k|0ffnL ePsf d'n'sx¿sf] Narrative nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ s;}nfO{ Victimize ug]{ u/L ;"rsfª\s tof/ ug]{ k|j[lQdf ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ .

-@(_ ;fj{hlgs kbdf /xg] JolQmn] e"m7f] af]n]df ;hfo ug]{ k"jL{o ;Eotfdf /x]sf] k4lt tyf klZrdfx¿n] Perjury eGg] u/]sf] ljlwnfO{ d'2fsf ;fIfLn] e"m7f as] ;hfo ug]{ ;Ldfaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg] / ;fj{hlgs kbdf a;L e"m7f] cleJolQm lbg] JolQmnfO{ b08 ug]{ sfg'g agfO{ nfu" ug]{ .

-#)_ vf; tx;Ddsf  ;fj{hgls kb wf/0f u/]sf JolQmx¿sf] ;DklQ ;fj{hlgs Domin df /fVg] aGbf]j:t ug]{ .

-#!_ ;a} crn ;DklQ Pp6} लालk"hf{df b]lvg] Joj:yf ug]{ .

-#@_ ljb]zL u}/–;/sf/L ;+:yfn] g]kfn leqØfPsf] /sd cf}krfl/s k|lqmofaf6 dfq leqØfpF5g\ jf cGo tl/sf klg k|of]u x'G5 jf ;f] /sd sxfF÷s;/L s;nfO vr{ x'G5, hfFr k87\tfnsf] k4lt ljsf; ug]{ . oL ;+:yfn] leq\ofPsf] /sd ;fj{}hgls kbflwsf/LnfO{ nfnr lbg jf e|i6 agfpg k|of]u ePsf] 5÷5}g 5fgljg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

-##_ ljb]zL sDkgLsf :yfgLo sld;g Ph]G6sf lqmfosnfk / Jofkf/ k|j4{g /sdsf] k|of]u ;DaGwdf sfg'gL Joj:yf ug]{ .

-#$_ z+vgfb sfg'g (Whistle blowers) sfg'g lgdf{0f ug]{ .

-#%_ ;fIfLx¿sf] ;'/Iff;DaGwL sfg'g agfpg] .

-#^_ g}lts d"No k|0ffnL k'g:yf{kgf cleofg rnfpg] .

-#&_ lghL :jfy{sf] åGå (Conflict of Interest) eP gePsf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ug'{kg]{ jf 3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{ ljifonfO{ sfg'gåf/f clgjfo{ ug]{ .

-#*_ ;bfrf/sf lgod ljsl;t u/L kfngf ug'{kg]{ aGbf]j:t ug]{ .

-#(_ lgo'lQm / a9'jf k4ltnfO{ Ifdtf, OdfGbf/L / sfo{;Dkfbg;Fu ghf]8\g], bn;Fusf] ;flGgWotfnfO{ g} of]Uotf dfGg], e|i6nfO{ g} cl3 a9fpg] / c;n / OdfGbf/nfO{ s'gfdf ws]Ng] clg OdfGbf/Lsf efif0f ug]{ s'/f nfhdbf]{?kdf b]lvg'ePg .

-$)_ OdfGbfl/tf cg'udg k|0ffnL (Honesty Tracking System) ljsl;t u/L OdfGbf/nfO{ k'/:s[t ug]{, pgLx¿sf lqmofsnfknfO{ pbfx/0fLo sfdsf ?kdf k|rf/÷k|;f/ ug]{ .

-$!_ ;~rf/dfWodn] c?sf Agenda / Narrative df rNg] / t6:ydfq /xg] k|of; ug'{sf] ;§f ;To (Truth) sf nflu sfd ug]{ .

-$@_ bftfsf Agenda / Narrative sf nflu tyf e|i6x¿;Fu lxdlrdsf lgldQ sfd gug]{ :jtGq / OdfGbf/ JolQmx¿n] ;+ul7t ?kdf kx/]bf/L ug]{ .

-$#_ cbfntaf6 ePsf 7"nf7"nf k}m;nf पदबाट cjsfz x'g] a]nf lt/ ePको भन्ने सुनिने गरेकोले त्यस्ता  z+sf:kb k}m;nf af/] 5fgljg ug ]{k4lt a;fpg] |

-$$_ Gofo kl/ifb\ले GofowLzx¿ dfly lgu/fgL /fVg] Joj:yf ljsl;t ug]{ .

-$%_ gLltut lg0f{o dfk{mt\ ul/g] e|i6frf/ /f]Sg lgu/fgL Joj:yf ug]{ .

d"n ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L

Suraj narayan Singh Thapa

Transparancy and Accountability in INGOs in Nepal My Republica 26 Sept. 2015

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Breaking India Rajiv Malhotra et al amaryllis 12 the imp. 2016

;jf]{Rr cbfnt tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] rf}yf] ;Dd]ngdf k|:t't sfo{kq @)%# M Gofo k|zf;gdf Gofo kl/ifb\sf] e"ldsf M cf]deQm >]i7 M GofofwLz ;jf]{Rr cbfnt .